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Annex to the Pact of Refoundation

Glossary

The terms used by the Pact for National Renewal, defined as the document defines them.

Key points

The glossary of the Pact for National Renewal gathers thirty-one defined terms — institutions, actors, mechanisms and instruments — and the bibliography brings together one hundred and thirty-nine sources referenced by number: reports of international institutions, state documents, Congolese press coverage and reference works. Each chapter of the pact points to its list of sources by number.

Independent audit
methodical examination conducted by a body or individuals with no direct interest in the subject under review, using a publicly disclosed methodology.
B2B / B2C trade
B2B (*business to business*) trade sells to a business; B2C (*business to consumer*) trade sells directly to the consumer.
Decent employment
freely chosen work performed under conditions of remuneration, safety, non-discrimination, rights and access to remedies that comply with applicable law; it may be salaried or self-employed.
Generative AI
computer system capable of producing, among other things, text, an image, code or sound from an instruction; its output requires human verification, respect for data and compliance with copyright.
KYC
abbreviation of *Know Your Customer*, a procedure through which an institution verifies a customer's identity and, where applicable, that of their business and its beneficial owners.
Citizens' budget
accessible presentation of a public budget, intended to enable residents to understand its priorities, revenue and expenditure.
Free and informed consent
participation obtained without coercion, on the basis of understandable information provided sufficiently early to allow a decision or an effective remedy.
Decentralisation
allocation of responsibilities between the central government, provinces and territorial entities, with identifiable powers, resources and oversight.
Emergency expenditure
expenditure incurred under an exceptional procedure; its purpose, regularisation and oversight must remain verifiable.
Asylum seeker
person who seeks international protection and whose application has not yet received a final decision.
Internally displaced person
person forced to leave their place of residence without crossing a recognised international border. Their status is distinct from that of a refugee.
Diaspora
people living outside their country of origin or nationality for various reasons; this social and demographic term does not, in itself, indicate whether a person is a refugee.
Inclusive dialogue
deliberative process whose mandate, participants, rules, funding and outcomes are public and which protects the right to disagree.
Informal economy
activities or jobs that are insufficiently registered, regulated or protected; it is not automatically synonymous with illegality.
Fiscal space
capacity to finance a priority without compromising essential obligations, stability or debt sustainability.
Indicator
measure defined in advance to monitor a situation or outcome; it must specify its source, methodology, scope and reference year or period.
Acute food insecurity
severe difficulty, over a given period, in accessing sufficient and appropriate food; its phases must always be defined and dated.
IPC
Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, a method that classifies and communicates the severity levels of a food security or nutrition situation.
Transitional justice
set of judicial and non-judicial approaches intended to address the legacies of conflicts or serious violations, particularly through truth, justice, reparations and guarantees of non-recurrence.
Reference year or period
year or period to which a data item relates. It may differ from the year in which the source was published.
Purchasing power parity (PPP)
conversion method used to compare living standards or prices between countries; it does not correspond to the current exchange rate.
Reparation
measure intended to acknowledge and remedy harm suffered by a victim; it may be financial, administrative, social, symbolic or judicial.
Accountability
obligation of an institution or an official to explain their decisions, publish their outcomes and accept oversight and recourse.
Non-refoulement
prohibition on returning a person to a territory where they would risk, in particular, persecution, torture or other serious harm under applicable law.
Voluntary repatriation
return to the country of origin freely decided by the refugee on an informed basis, in conditions of safety and dignity; it does not create a general obligation to return.
Refugee
person who is outside their country and needs international protection under the applicable legal definition. This category is distinct from that of internally displaced people and the diaspora understood in its social sense.
Reintegration
process through which a person who has returned regains, without discrimination, security, rights, services, housing and sustainable livelihoods.
Tripartite
cooperation framework usually involving the country of origin, the host country and UNHCR to specify the guarantees and responsibilities associated with voluntary return; it does not replace individual consent.
UNHCR
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the UN Refugee Agency responsible for protecting refugees and seeking durable solutions.
Economic sovereignty
capacity of a country to define and enforce rules in the public interest governing its resources, contracts, revenue and services, without implying isolation or hostility towards others.
Traceability
ability to track and verify the stages of a decision, contract, payment, good or service through to its outcome.

Glossary reproduced from The Pact for National Renewal, p. 104-106.The Pact of Refoundation

Bibliography

References

The one hundred and thirty-nine sources cited by the Pact for National Renewal.

  1. 1Radio Okapi — Joseph Kabila appelle à un pacte citoyen
  2. 2Africa24 — Pacte citoyen face à la crise nationale
  3. 3Radio Okapi — Discours du 9 octobre 2026
  4. 4Actualité.cd — Pacte citoyen et dégradation de la situation
  5. 5TV5Monde — La RD Congo est en péril
  6. 6BBC News Afrique — Joseph Kabila lance le FRN
  7. 7OCHA — Besoins humanitaires et Plan de réponse RDC 2026
  8. 8OCHA — Tableau de bord humanitaire RDC, mars 2026
  9. 9UNHCR — Mise à jour régionale Est RDC, août 2026
  10. 10HCDH — Normes internationales relatives aux déplacés internes
  11. 11HCDH — Justice transitionnelle et droits humains
  12. 12PNUD RDC — Forum africain de justice transitionnelle à Kinshasa
  13. 13HCDH — Juridictions mobiles et lutte contre l’impunité en RDC
  14. 14Journal officiel — Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo révisée en 2011
  15. 15Autorité de régulation des marchés publics de la RDC — portail et missions
  16. 16PNUD — Rapport annuel 2024 sur l’État de droit en RDC
  17. 17Banque mondiale — Rapport infra-national BREADY en RDC
  18. 18Banque mondiale — Rapport sur la situation économique de la RDC juillet 2025
  19. 19FMI — Demande d’accords FEC et FRD pour la RDC janvier 2025
  20. 20FMI — Évaluation PIMA de la gestion des investissements publics en RDC
  21. 21Banque mondiale — Population totale de la RDC
  22. 22Banque mondiale — Définition de la population totale
  23. 23Banque mondiale — Population urbaine de la RDC
  24. 24Banque mondiale — Définition de la population urbaine
  25. 25Banque mondiale — Poverty and Equity Brief RDC octobre 2026
  26. 26FMI — Rapport des services RDC 2026
  27. 27FMI — World Economic Outlook octobre 2026, profil RDC
  28. 28IPC — RDC, mise à jour de l’insécurité alimentaire aiguë, janvier-juin 2026
  29. 29IPC — RDC, malnutrition aiguë de juillet 2025 à juin 2026
  30. 30FAO — Profil d’investissement agroalimentaire RDC 2026
  31. 31Banque mondiale — Suivi du Programme national de développement agricole, avril 2026
  32. 32Banque mondiale — Étude de chaîne de valeur du manioc en RDC
  33. 33Banque mondiale — Espérance de vie à la naissance en RDC
  34. 34UNICEF Data — Profil de la République démocratique du Congo
  35. 35UNICEF Data — Mortalité maternelle et définition du ratio
  36. 36Banque mondiale — Indice de couverture des services de santé essentiels en RDC
  37. 37OMS — Métadonnées de l’indice de couverture des services de santé essentiels
  38. 38OMS UNICEF JMP — Eau potable assainissement et hygiène 2000 à 2024
  39. 39Banque mondiale — Retard de croissance chez les moins de cinq ans en RDC
  40. 40OIT — Projet de renforcement de la protection sociale en RDC
  41. 41Banque mondiale — Rapport 2025 sur l’état de la protection sociale
  42. 42UNESCO — Formation et appui aux enseignants en RDC
  43. 43UNICEF — Appel humanitaire RDC publié en mars 2026
  44. 44loi-cadre congolaise de l’enseignement national
  45. 45UNESCO-UNEVOC — Profil dynamique EFTP de la RDC
  46. 46Banque mondiale — Programme SET4Jobs en RDC
  47. 47UNESCO — Patrimoine mondial en République démocratique du Congo
  48. 48UNESCO — Patrimoine culturel immatériel de la RDC
  49. 49UNESCO — Patrimoine vivant et éducation
  50. 50UNESCO — Éducation physique de qualité
  51. 51UNESCO — Éducation aux valeurs par le sport
  52. 52Banque mondiale — Accès à l’électricité en RDC
  53. 53Banque mondiale et UIT — Individus utilisant Internet en RDC
  54. 54Banque mondiale — Financement des politiques de gouvernance, transparence et résilience de la RDC
  55. 55Banque mondiale — Appui au programme Inga de la RDC
  56. 56Banque mondiale — Programme de développement Inga 3 et Compact énergétique
  57. 57Banque mondiale — Projet d’appui au transport et à la connectivité de la RDC
  58. 58Banque mondiale — Pourquoi l’entretien compte pour les routes et la paix
  59. 59Banque mondiale — Programme IDEA de transformation numérique de la RDC
  60. 60Banque mondiale — Projet accès, gouvernance et réforme électricité-eau de la RDC
  61. 61USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Copper
  62. 62USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026 — Cobalt
  63. 63Banque mondiale — Mise à jour économique de la RDC de mars 2026
  64. 64Banque mondiale — Étude sur les chaînes de valeur minières
  65. 65OIT — Travailleurs de l’économie informelle
  66. 66FAO FRA 2025 termes et définition de forêt
  67. 67Banque mondiale série superficie forestière RDC
  68. 68FAO FRA 2025 déforestation et changement net de superficie
  69. 69FAOSTAT émissions et absorptions forestières 1990 à 2025
  70. 70CCNUCC analyse technique du premier rapport biennal actualisé de la RDC
  71. 71Convention sur la diversité biologique profil de la RDC
  72. 72FAOLEX loi congolaise 22 030 sur les peuples autochtones pygmées
  73. 73ONU REDD droits forestiers et financement des peuples autochtones en RDC
  74. 74RDC plan national d’adaptation au changement climatique
  75. 75FAO agriculture urbaine et périurbaine
  76. 76Banque mondiale premier paiement carbone vérifié à la RDC
  77. 77Constitution de la République démocratique du Congo publiée par la Présidence
  78. 78Banque mondiale — Diagnostic systématique pays de la RDC 2018
  79. 79Banque mondiale — Faciliter le commerce transfrontalier entre la RDC et ses voisins des Grands Lacs
  80. 80Banque mondiale — Rapport de suivi du Projet de facilitation et d’intégration du commerce des Grands Lacs, août 2025
  81. 81PNUD RDC — Rapport illustré de mise en œuvre du PDL145T
  82. 82Banque mondiale — Gestion des ressources publiques et services en RDC
  83. 83Banque mondiale — Envois de fonds personnels reçus en dollars courants, RDC
  84. 84Banque mondiale — Envois de fonds personnels reçus en part du PIB, RDC
  85. 85Banque mondiale — Métadonnées de l’indicateur des envois de fonds personnels
  86. 86OIM — Engagement des diasporas
  87. 87OIM — Vingt ans de partenariat avec la RDC
  88. 88OIM RDC — Dialogue et mobilisation de la diaspora
  89. 89OIM — Mobilisation de la diaspora
  90. 90OIM — Indicateurs de gouvernance des migrations, RDC, profil 2023
  91. 91Nations unies — Charte des Nations unies, texte intégral
  92. 92HCDH — Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme, article 13
  93. 93HCDH — Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, article 12
  94. 94UNHCR — Convention de 1951 et Protocole de 1967
  95. 95Union africaine — Convention de l’OUA de 1969 sur les réfugiés
  96. 96Union africaine — Convention de Kampala
  97. 97UNHCR — Solutions durables et rapatriement volontaire
  98. 98UNHCR — Conclusion sur la sûreté juridique du rapatriement volontaire
  99. 99UNHCR — Réengagement RDC Rwanda, juillet 2025
  100. 100UNHCR — Réunion tripartite RDC Rwanda, juin 2026
  101. 101UNHCR — Mise à jour régionale RDC, août 2019
  102. 102UNHCR — Appel global Burundi, mise à jour 2011
  103. 103UNHCR — Accord tripartite République centrafricaine et retours congolais
  104. 104UNHCR — Accords tripartites RDC Soudan, 2006
  105. 105Banque mondiale — DRC Skills for Economic Transformation Project, document d’information, juin 2025
  106. 106ILOSTAT — Taux d’emploi informel, définition et méthodes
  107. 107ILOSTAT — Profil de pays, République démocratique du Congo
  108. 108UNESCO — AI competency framework for students, 2024
  109. 109UNCTAD — Making ecommerce and the digital economy work for all, 2024
  110. 110OIT — Harnessing artificial intelligence for decent work, 2026
  111. 111UNESCO — Droits numériques en RDC, 2025
  112. 112Amazon — Countries accepted for seller registration
  113. 113Amazon — AI Information Sell on Amazon
  114. 114Amazon — Amazon seller registration in 5 steps
  115. 115Amazon — Seller Wallet supported countries and currencies
  116. 116Amazon — Fulfilled by Merchant
  117. 117Amazon — How to sell to the US from another country
  118. 118Amazon — Amazon Business
  119. 119Amazon — Standard selling fees
  120. 120AliExpress — Global Seller Center
  121. 121AliExpress — Global Seller Center registration
  122. 122AliExpress — Platform rules
  123. 123Alibaba.com — Seller platform
  124. 124Alibaba.com — Supplier registration
  125. 125Alibaba.com — How to sell
  126. 126Alibaba.com — Trade Assurance
  127. 127Alibaba.com — Rules center
  128. 128Alibaba.com — Seller pricing
  129. 129Alibaba.com — Advertising tools
  130. 130eBay — Start selling on eBay
  131. 131eBay — Registering as a seller
  132. 132eBay — International Shipping program
  133. 133eBay — International shipping for sellers
  134. 134eBay — International trading policy
  135. 135eBay — Prohibited and restricted items
  136. 136eBay — Handling return requests
  137. 137eBay — International fees for eBay global sellers
  138. 138eBay — Services policy
  139. 139eBay — 2024 Summer Seller Update

Bibliography reproduced from The Pact for National Renewal, p. 107-110. Source titles are kept in their language of publication, as in the English edition of the document.The Pact of Refoundation

Questions
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What we are asked most

What does the glossary contain?

Thirty-one defined terms, taken from the Pact for National Renewal: institutions, actors, mechanisms and instruments. Each definition is short, self-contained and tied to the source it comes from.

What does the bibliography contain?

One hundred and thirty-nine sources referenced by number: reports of international institutions, state documents, Congolese press coverage and reference works. Each chapter of the pact points to its own list of sources, signalled by number within the text.

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